With regards to the role of women in the society, Imam Khomeini has said: “In the Islamic government, women along with men can actively contribute to the erection of an Islamic society as human beings and not as objects. What kind of dictatorship is this you want to impose on the women? Therefore, women should not pursue such jobs. If we say that we have a large number of women who are active in political and revolutionary arenas and who write and deliver speeches, this is good. Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a young mother from upstate New York, and the Quaker abolitionist Lucretia Mott, about 300 people—most of whom were women—attended the Seneca Falls Convention to outline a direction for the women’s rights movement. “One of the greatest mistakes of western thoughts about the issues of women is this sexual equality... Why should women be entrusted with carrying out male tasks? The road to female equality under Iran’s theocracy ever since then has been a road less traveled. After Khomeini's death, women put pressure on the government to grant more rights to women. It is the husband. That ban … We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Ali Khamenei , who followed Khomeini, took a more liberal approach and enabled women's advancement by reopening the women's centers and restoring many of the laws that were repealed after the revocation of Family Protection Laws. We are concerned mainly with the younger women who when they make up and dress up draw hordes of young men after them. But if they are forced to take a job and work certain hours per day so that they can have a share in covering the household expenses, this is not what Islam has asked women. In 1983, Parliament decided that women who do not cover their hair in public will be punished with 74 lashes. Yes, in Islam, women must dress modestly and wear a veil (hijab), but that does not necessarily mean she has to wear a full-body cover (chador). This organization of American nuns had been in conflict with the Vatican over issues related to women's rights, including reproductive rights. Some may be surprised to see women in top positions wearing hijab. Who is this source of reliance? It has become one of the four top issues in national elections. As far as birth control is concerned, that depends on what decision the government will take on the matter.”, April 19, 2014: “One of the greatest mistakes of western thoughts about the issues of women is this sexual equality. In a live national television production on July 10, 2012, President Ahmadinejad addressed the convention hall; mostly assembled with women from the invited countries and senior Iranian officials. “Since a woman’s spirit is more delicate, it needs more peace and tranquility. It restricted social freedoms, such as the right to divorce. It meant that the right to wear hijab was for all women. It wishes to make her a serious and efficient human being,” he said in December 1978, from exile shortly before the revolution. It is these women we are stopping. Islam does not want women to be an object, to be a doll in our hands. But the advent of Ayatollah Khomeini and his conservative revolution in 1979 caused a drastic reverse in the progress of Iranian women. Then Islam stepped in and abolished all these discriminations and said that women must wear hijab. Khamenei specifically rejected sexual and job equality. Secondly, we do not say a woman has to wear a specific type of dress… there are no specifications. Mandatory veil wearing was bone out of a desire to establish an anti-Western societal order in Iran. Khomeini began urging women to wear veils as early as spring 1979. What kind of sympathy is this? He spoke of women’s unique capacities for loving kindness (mohebat), compassion (mehraboony), nurturing (tarbiat), providing help (komak), and respect (ehteram). Islamic Fundamentalism, Feminism, and Gender Inequality in Iran Under Khomeini [Masoud Kazemzadeh] on Amazon.com. If we say that we have a large number of women who are active in cultural and political areas, this is alright. women’s rights under the leadership of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Ayatollah Khomeini, and Ayatollah Khamenei. I am sorry that sometimes women and ladies themselves show sensitivity over this issue,” he said in April 2014. We shall never allow women to be merely men’s sex objects. ", Sept. 12, 1979: “If we tell the people to come out and demonstrate their approval for Islamic dress, whether the chador or some other form, out of our population of 35 million, 33 million would come out. Based on Imam Khomeini’s view, the fundamental role of women in the survival of societies has been greater than the role of men and he has expressed it beautifully in the following statements: “Men are producers of nations and women more so; and the appropriate structures of countries are built through the capable power of women.” Iranwire – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, founder of the 1979 Islamic Revolution, claimed in a message to the Iranian people on April 3, 1979, after the referendum for the new regime: “In the Islamic Republic, everyone is equal; the law respects the rights of religious minorities, women and others, and does not discriminate among these groups.” Iran’s president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, delivered the inaugural speech at the opening ceremony of the two-day conference that included senior Iranian and foreign officials. This text comprehensively outlines the Position of Women from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini (r.a.). this decision was announced when A heavy prison sentence plus … ", Sept. 18, 1996: “It is wrong to assume, we should prevent women from partaking in economic and social activities with reference to Islam. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Still, they condemn us for having made hijab obligatory. Women’s inequality is god’s commandment, in Islam enshrined in immutable law by Mohammad and eventually recorded in scripture. The Women's Rights Movement in Iran: Mutiny, Appeasement, and Repression from 1900 to Khomeini [Sanasarian, Eliz] on Amazon.com. ", Sept. 3, 2016: “The Islamic Republic’s movement should be directed towards… preventing social harms and factors that result in the collapse of family particularly the issue of divorce, compensating for the harm that divorce inflicts by continuous identification of factors leading to divorce and to the collapse of family, and creating the right culture for denouncing divorce.". A Growing Crisis: The Impact of Sanctions and Regime Policies on Iranians\' Economic and Social Rights The Khomeini Period (1979-1989) During the time that Ayatollah Khomeini was ruling Iran, sanctions against the Islamic Republic were essentially unilateral, imposed solely by the US. If we say that we have a large number of mujahid women in different areas, who are ready to be martyred, this is good. “Women have taken part in the recent struggle in Iran to the same degree as the men,” he said on January 23, 1979, one week before returning to Tehran in Paris. They don’t need your sympathy.”, April 21, 2010: “In ancient Persia, the wives of aristocrats and senior officials used to wear hijab. In fact, Parivash Khajeluiouri, an attorney and a women's rights activist, warns that Article XII of the new Constitution paves the way for confining women to child care. TEHERAN, Iran, March 11 — Theconfrontation between Islamic leaders under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and their secular opponents grew more intense today around the issue of women's rights. Dec. 7, 1978: “Women are free in the Islamic society and will, under no condition, be barred from universities, offices or Parliament.”, Dec. 11, 1979: “Both women and men are free to attend university. From these statements, it is clear that Imam Khomeini believed in women’s freedom and right, but does not consider what has been included in the State and Provincial Associations Bill as ensuring their freedom believing that the Islamic Revolution has provided the ground for women’s freedom to freely participate in building the foundation of the Islamic society. In the summer of 2012, the Islamic Republic convened the first international conference on Women and the Islamic Awakening. What kind of honor is to have women carry out male tasks? A whiskey-drinking professor told an American journalist that Khomeini brought pride back to Iranians. Now [Westerners] accuse us of violating women's rights. women’s rights under the leadership of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Ayatollah Khomeini, and Ayatollah Khamenei. Discrimination against women started in the Constitution and expanded into all … Khomeini began urging women to wear veils as early as spring 1979. If we feel proud of having a large number of intellectual and educated women, this is good and it is alright. That ban … A women's rights activist told me that Khomeini was not the problem; it was his conservative allies who had directed him wrongly. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Foreword There is no doubt that the Constitution of Kenya 2010 (COK 2010) presents a new dawn for the majority of Kenyan women. Islam. He often framed them in terms of how an Islamic state empowered women. Khomeini’s crackdown on women’s rights and freedoms, was a decision taken knowingly and deliberately, as a prelude to absolute suppression of everyone’s rights and freedoms in Iran. But their interpretations often differed, sometimes significantly. Sayyid Ruhullah Musawi Khomeini. Since 1995, unveiled women can also be imprisoned for up to 60 days. Indeed, he spoke about the broader goals of “reforming the world” (eslahe jahan shoddast), and continued to say that “just because it is a big job, do not think that you cannot achieve it.”. What reason do we have for doing so? They are the ones who have to be condemned….They talk about women's rights and complain that we have imposed hijab on women. The spectacle of an all-male task force being brought in to tell women what they must think may seem badly dated. Khomeini says the new Islamic Republic will not discriminate against women, but he quotes Islamic law to oppose abortion and says that divorce will only be allowed under “certain circumstances.” He also instructed women to go back to the veil, and reinstituted a wide range of regulations that are oppressive and demeaning to women. During his one decade in power, between 1979 and 1989, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issued far more statements and fatwas than his successor. Held in Tehran in early July, the two-day conference hosted female intellectuals and scholars from around the world. Ayatollah Khomeini expanded the domain of fiqh and Shari’a to include all political, social, economic, personal, public, cultural, and even the military affairs. A Growing Crisis: The Impact of Sanctions and Regime Policies on Iranians\' Economic and Social Rights The Khomeini Period (1979-1989) During the time that Ayatollah Khomeini was ruling Iran, sanctions against the Islamic Republic were essentially unilateral, imposed solely by the US. Women in Iran have experienced many changes in their personal rights and freedoms throughout the decades. Women’s rights were severely curtailed after the revolution, even though tens of thousands had taken to the streets to protest against the shah. Their efforts were abetted by liberalization under the first Shah of Iran and later by his son. Part 2: Profiles of Women Politicians, Activists, Sanctions 6: U.S. Sanctions Many Iran Proxies, Sanctions 7: Iran’s Economy by the Numbers, Sanctions 5: Trump's "Maximum Pressure" Targets, U.S. #Hijab doesn't thwart social, political, or academic activities at all. On March 8, Millett looped arms with fellow women demonstrators to protest against Khomeini’s proposal to reinstitute a mandatory dress code for women… Yet their dedication to full equality has remained high. Islam considers this as a form of imposition on women.”, April 19, 2014: “There are some jobs which are not suitable for women's make-up. Neither women are allowed to lessen themselves to a low stance nor do men have the right to think of them in that context.” One of the tasks is that we should not impose on women those fields of study which lead to these jobs. Justice is a legitimate concept, but equality is sometimes legitimate and sometimes illegitimate. The first attempt to organize a national movement for women’s rights occurred in Seneca Falls, New York, in July 1848. Regarding the status and greatness of women in Islam, Imam Khomeini has stated: “The prosperity and wretchedness of mankind depends on women since they are the educators of the human beings; women shape real human beings through their proper training, and all the happiness and good deeds originate from women.” In 1983, Parliament decided that women who do not cover their hair in public will be punished with 74 lashes. The Iranian press boasted the participation of more than 1,500 female researchers, scholars, and social activists from around 80 countries that participated in the conference and presented more than 450 papers. The shah and his family had fled the country two weeks before, ... equal rights for women… She needs comfort and a secure source to rely on. This is a right that Islam has granted to women… just as Islam has granted man the right to divorce, it has also granted it to women, on condition that the parties stipulate at the time of the marriage that if the husband behaves in a certain manner, the wife will have the right to execute a divorce. On February 1, 1979, the Ayatollah Khomeini returns to Iran in triumph after 15 years of exile. A nationalist war veteran, who held Iran's ruling clerics in contempt, carried with him a picture of 'the Imam'. Well, such discrimination is not bad in some areas… In such discrimination, you entrust different tasks to individuals. Women can choose any kind of attire they like so long as it covers them properly and they have hijab. They prevent female students from entering the university just because they are wearing a head scarf. Khomeini’s Islamic fundamentalist regime represented a major set back for women’s rights. Presented are excerpts from Azam Kamguian’s book, Islam & Women’s Rights. What right do you have to stop them? It wishes to make her a serious and efficient human being. Being proud of these things is good, but being proud of having such and such a number of female ministers, MPs, deputies and managers in financial organizations, is wrong. Women's rights have been a historically controversial issue. I expect the changes in the degree of women’s freedoms will prove to have been compromised in the last decades due to the leaders pursuing their personal ambitions and vision for Iran. “We will give women every kind of freedom, but we will prevent [moral] corruption and, where this is concerned, there is no difference between men and women.”, During his first three decades in power, beginning in 1989, Khamenei has made more distinctions between the rights of men and women, effectively diminishing the ideological interpretation about whether they are equal in all aspects of life. ", June 5, 1989: "It makes me proud to see the ladies, young and old alike, playing a role in the education, economic and military arenas and should-to-shoulder with the men, ahead of the them even, actively involving themselves in the cause of exalting Islam and advancing the aims of the Most Noble Quran. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader from 1979-1989 Iran’s two supreme leaders have both been prolific on the subject of women’s rights and obligations in an Islamic state. However, Islam has not recommended imposing hard works, tough businesses, social and political tasks on women, either. A whiskey-drinking professor told an American journalist that Khomeini brought pride back to Iranians. fundamental human rights that were enshrined by the United Nations for every human being on the planet nearly 70 years ago Strikes Iran-Backed Militias in Syria, Part 1: Biden’s Opening Bid on Iran Diplomacy, Part 3: Europe, Russia and China on U.S. Moves, Part 4: Restoring Limits on Iran's Nuclear Program, Timeline: Iranian Fuel Shipments to Venezuela, Dual Nationals and Foreigners Held in Iran, U.S. Revokes Houthi Terrorist Designation. He thought that fiqh had a comprehensive capacity to promote the jurist to the position of an absolute ruler, who is the final decision maker after consulting with experts. For the first time, the highest law of the land recognised the role of women in They have “important but different tasks,” he said in August 2002. These things should be done so that this great disaster - for both men and women - can be prevented. I expect the changes in the degree of women’s freedoms will prove to have been compromised in the last decades due to the leaders pursuing their personal ambitions and vision for Iran. Dec. 28, 1978: “Women can gain the right to execute a divorce, if she adds this condition to her marriage contract.”, Feb. 1, 1980: “A woman can stipulate that if her future husband turns out to be of corrupt moral character or if he mistreats her, she would possess the right to execute a divorce. Of course, this moral corruption humiliates women, while they are not aware of it. Once the man has accepted such a stipulation, he can never repudiate it. Some people want to create uproar by saying that there is discrimination against women over the issue of universities, education and other such issues. Starting with acknowledging the Great Women of the World, such as Hazrat Fatima Zahra, the compilation then covers the status and rights of women in Islam as well as the role of women in their families, and the Jihad of a woman, specifically giving examples from … Religion in general and Islam in particular are women’s enemy. Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this book to your organisation's collection. Women’s rights are severely restricted in Iran, to the point where women are even forbidden from watching men’s sports in stadiums. The post-revolutionary constitution guaranteed “the rights of women in all respects, in conformity with Islamic criteria.” During the Khomeini decade, the theocratic government suspended the Family Protection Laws. Our laws are all attempts that we have made to preserve women's honor, but their laws are there to disrespect women.”, May 11, 2013: “Modest clothing one of the preconditions for preventing corruption…This should be prevented because this is a big danger and a big disaster. We should prepare the ground for women to study such fields.”, Dec. 7, 1978: “What will be checked equally among both men and women is moral corruption which is prohibited for both sexes. It also epitomised the victory for the women of Kenya. Islam wants to safeguard women’s nobility. A women's rights activist told me that Khomeini was not the problem; it was his conservative allies who had directed him wrongly. The post-revolutionary constitution guaranteed “the rights of women in all respects, in conformity with Islamic criteria.” During the Khomeini decade, the theocratic government suspended the Family Protection Laws. Women in Iran began agitating for increased rights in the late 19th Century. Khomeini's patriarchy gave birth to feminism By giving girls an education, Khomeini ultimately paved their way for another revolution – a feminist one. Iran’s two supreme leaders have both been prolific on the subject of women’s rights and obligations in an Islamic state. In 1983, Parliament decided that women who do not cover their hair in public will be punished with 74 lashes. The difference between Iran’s two supreme leaders reflects the disparate readings of Islamic tenets on many aspects of life in an Islamic state. Emphasizing the equality of men’s and women’s rights, Imam Khomeini laid strong stress on the legal freedom of women in all social aspects. Today, this issue is thoroughly discussed in the world.”. This is no exception in Iran, where the struggle between modernization and keeping with traditional Islamic values has been a topic of constant disagreement between political leaders. TEHERAN, Iran, March 11 — Theconfrontation between Islamic leaders under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and their secular opponents grew more intense today around the … That is how God has placed them next to one another.”. Therefore, we should see what fields of study are suitable for women by paying attention to the lofty goals that have been specified for them. The Iranian regime is now represented on an international panel to protect the rights of women. “Islam wants to safeguard women’s nobility. Why should we separate an individual who has been built for a particular domain - in terms of one's natural make up, whether physical or emotional - from that particular domain and drag her towards another domain which Allah the Exalted has built for another make-up? But their interpretations often differed, sometimes significantly. Iranwire – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, founder of the 1979 Islamic Revolution, claimed in a message to the Iranian people on April 3, 1979, after the referendum for the new regime: “In the Islamic Republic, everyone is equal; the law respects the rights of religious minorities, women and others, and does not discriminate among these groups.” Towards realising women’s rights in the Constitution iii Our Constitution, our life!! Why should women be entrusted with carrying out male tasks? What kind of honor is to have women carry out male tasks? Commenting on the social and familial roles of women in this address, Ahmadinejad added: “Your assignment is a very heavy one” (Mamooreat-e shoma besseeyar sangeen ast). The issue of hijab is one of the preconditions for this. Check if you have access via personal or institutional login. A nationalist war veteran, who held Iran's ruling clerics in contempt, carried with him a picture of 'the Imam'. Discrimination against women started in the Constitution and expanded into all … The way we should dress and the way men and women should interact are among the preconditions for this issue. The Khomeini decade: 1979-1989 ... * The struggle for women's rights is central to the larger struggle for individual rights.
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